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Introduction to programming

by TechnofreakAN

What is a programming? :- 

Programming is a way to communicate with computer by giving set of instructions to the computer. Giving set of instructions to the computer is known as program. Those who gives instructions to the computers are known as programmers.

Computer cannot understand language as we use to communicate with each other. Computer can understand only binary language(0 and 1). Binary code is very difficult to understand since it is only in form of 0 and 1. Computer is not smart enough to do task on its own, we need to provide instructions to perform task. We use programming languages to give those instructions to the computer. Still we cannot give directly instructions to the computer because writing instructions in 0 and 1 is a difficult task. So here we need to convert our instructions to binary language by using translators which converts set of instructions in machine readable form. 

Programming languages are of two types

1. Low Level  Languages :

 Low level languages includes machine level Languages and assembly  languages. Low level languages are not portable due to dependence on type of machine.

                  a) Machine level languages are in binary form(0 & 1) and need to learn the code in 0 and 1 for specific instruction and difficult to fix errors (There is a code for particular command in 0 and 1). Low level languages depends on type of machine so different machines will have different codes in 0 and 1. 

                  b) Assembly languages is modified version of machine level language and here we use English like words and symbols. Assembly level language converted in binary with help of translator assembler. This is also machine dependent code written for one machine will not work on other machine.

2. High level languages: In high level languages we use English like sentences to give instructions and easy to write code. We use translators like compiler and interpreter to convert instructions into machine level code. High level languages are machine independent means same code can be executed on different machines. Compilers translate entire code at time and used where program size is large to save time.

Difference between Compilers and Interpreters?

Compilers display error if any after reading entire source code. Interpreter translate one instruction at a times and used where program size is small because it take much time to execute. Interpreters display error if any after instruction. 

Errors in program are called bugs and fixing them is known as debugging.

Important aspects of any programming languages are how does it stores data, how does it operates upon data, how does it accomplish input and output and how does it let us to control the sequence of execution of instructions in computer.


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